Here's how a chorus effect works: it takes the signal (your guitar), electronically doubles it, and slightly offsets the second guitar signal by a few milliseconds. The output of the chorus effect blends the original dry signal, and the second slightly-delayed signal theoretically fattening it. The delay time is typically so fast, that you don't hear it as a delay. Most simple chorus effect pedals allow you to control the volume of the delayed signal (adding more of it makes a fatter sound). More advanced chorus effects allow you to control the delayed, altered signal, allowing depth, speed, feedback and shape controls.

Fun stuff.
I'd recommend going to one of the larger guitar stores, and trying out the effects so you can hear them first hand. Many of the larger stores I've been in have lots of various stomp boxes setup for just this thing.