Coming back and seeing Truman's reply makes me wonder too, why you have to scream into or eat the mic to get heard. I didn't dwell on that part of your post, rather the feasability of using a condenser mic live.

It is true that a condenser, as a general rule, is going to be "hotter" than a dynamic mic but there are inherent problems that arise from that. Your problem sounds more like either a mic problem or a gain structure issue.

I primarily perform solo and, for the most part, plug my acoustic and one mic into the PA. I use a Carvin CM68 as my primary vocal mic because it does a great job on my voice. It is Carvin's version of the SM58 though I think it is closer to the Beta58, at least for my voice. That mic has the lowest output of any dynamic mic in my arsonal other than an old pair of Electro-Voice omnis. In many of the venues I perform I'm between 6" and 12" from the mic with no need to scream or eat the mic, and without feedback mind you....
That leads us back to agreeing with Truman that you have a problem with either the mic or the gain structure, not the fact that it's a dynamic mic and not a condenser.